HIV in Women

Summary

What is HIV?

HIV stands for human immunodeficiency virus. It harms your immune system by destroying a type of white blood cell that helps your body fight infection. This puts you at risk for other infections and diseases.

How does HIV spread?

HIV can spread in different ways:

• By having unprotected vaginal or anal sex with a person who has HIV. “Unprotected” means not using condoms or medicine to treat or prevent HIV. This is the most common way it spreads.
  • Anal sex is the riskiest type of sex for getting or spreading HIV. The rectum’s lining is thin and may allow HIV to enter the body during anal sex.
  • During vaginal sex, HIV can enter the body through the delicate tissue that lines the vagina and cervix.
• Rarely, through oral sex with a person who has HIV.
• By sharing drug needles.
• Through contact with the blood of a person who has HIV.
• From mother to baby during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding.

How does HIV affect women differently from men?

About one in four people in the United States who have HIV are women. Women who have HIV have some different problems from men:

• Complications such as
  • Repeated vaginal yeast infections
  • Severe pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
  • A higher risk of cervical cancer
  • Menstrual cycle problems
  • A higher risk of osteoporosis
  • A higher risk of heart disease, especially heart attacks
  • Entering menopause younger or having more severe hot flashes
• Different, sometimes more severe, side effects from the medicines that treat HIV
• Drug interactions between some HIV medicines and hormonal birth control
• The risk of giving HIV to their baby while pregnancy or during childbirth

Are there treatments for HIVS?

There is no cure, but there are many medicines to treat both HIV infection and the infections and cancers that come with it. People who get early treatment canlive longer and healthier lives.

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases

Find an Expert

• Clinicalinfo: Information on HIV/AIDS Treatment, Prevention, and Research HIV.gov
• Find an Ob-Gyn American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
• HIV.gov HIV.gov
• HIVinfo National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research
• NIAID Division of AIDS National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases

Clinical Trials

• ClinicalTrials.gov: HIV/AIDS in Women National Institutes of Health

Statistics and Research

• HIV and Women Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
• Intersection of Intimate Partner Violence and HIV in Women Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Prevention and Risk Factors

• HIV and Women National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research
• HIV and Women: Prevention Challenges Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
• HIV Prevention and Women Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women’s Health

Diagnosis and Tests

• HIV Testing Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women’s Health

Specifics

• HIV/AIDS and Pregnancy: MedlinePlus Health Topic National Library of Medicine

Journal Articles

• HIV in Women

Start Here

• Women and HIV Department of Health and Human Services, Office on Women’s Health
• Women and HIV: Get the Facts on HIV Testing, Prevention, and Treatment Food and Drug Administration