Traumatic Brain Injury Also called: Acquired brain injury, TBI Summary Traumatic brain injury (TBI) happens when a bump, blow, jolt, or other head injury causes damage to the brain. Every year, millions of people in the U.S. suffer brain injuries. More than half are bad enough that people must go to the hospital. The worst injuries can lead to permanent brain damage or death. Half of all TBIs are from motor vehicle accidents. Military personnel in combat zones are also at risk. Symptoms of a TBI may not appear until days or weeks following the injury. A concussion is the mildest type. It can cause a headache or neck pain, nausea, ringing in the ears, dizziness, and tiredness. People with a moderate or severe TBI may have those, plus other symptoms: A headache that gets worse or does not go away Repeated vomiting or nausea Convulsions or seizures Inability to awaken from sleep Slurred speech Weakness or numbness in the arms and legs Dilated eye pupils Health care professionals use a neurological exam and imaging tests to assess TBI. Serious traumatic brain injuries need emergency treatment. Treatment and outcome depend on how severe the injury is. TBI can cause a wide range of changes affecting thinking, sensation, language, or emotions. TBI can be associated with post-traumatic stress disorder. People with severe injuries usually need rehabilitation. NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Children Abusive Head Trauma (Shaken Baby Syndrome) Nemours Foundation Shaken Baby Syndrome National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Traumatic Brain Injury Center for Parent Information and Resources Specifics Blast Injuries Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center Cerebral Contusions and Lacerations Merck & Co., Inc. Cerebral Hypoxia National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Intracranial Hematoma Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Recreation-Related Head Injuries American Association of Neurological Surgeons Right Hemisphere Brain Damage American Speech-Language-Hearing Association Severe Traumatic Brain Injury Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI): Moderate or Severe Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center Traumatic Brain Injury: Effects on the Endocrine System Hormone Health Network Array Brain components Brain injury – discharge Chronic subdural hematoma EEG Head injury – first aid Intracranial pressure monitoring Subdural hematoma Encyclopedia Brain herniation Cerebral hypoxia CPK isoenzymes test CSF leak Epidural hematoma Head CT scan Shaken baby syndrome Skull x-ray Find an Expert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Find a Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Physician American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NIH MedlinePlus Magazine Changing the Odds: A North Carolina Family’s Search to Help Those with TBI Concussion and Traumatic Brain Injury TBI Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention Traumatic Brain Injury: A Family Finds Its Way Traumatic Brain Injury: NIH Research to Results Clinical Trials ClinicalTrials.gov: Brain Injuries National Institutes of Health ClinicalTrials.gov: Craniocerebral Trauma National Institutes of Health ClinicalTrials.gov: Skull Fractures National Institutes of Health Diagnosis and Tests Computed Tomography (CT) — Head Array How Do Health Care Providers Diagnose Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)? National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Magnetic Resonance, Functional (fMRI) — Brain Array What Is the Glasgow Coma Scale? Brainline Statistics and Research Department of Defense Worldwide Numbers for TBI Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center Even Mild Traumatic Brain Injury May Cause Brain Damage American Academy of Neurology Life and Death of a Neuron National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) Data and Statistics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Related Issues Depression After Brain Injury: A Guide for Patients and Their Caregivers Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Traumatic Brain Injury and Dystonia Dystonia Medical Research Foundation Prevention and Risk Factors Head Injury Prevention Tips American Association of Neurological Surgeons What Can I Do to Help Prevent Traumatic Brain Injury? Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Health Check Tools Head Injury without Laceration DSHI Systems Treatments and Therapies Head Trauma: First Aid Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Videos and Tutorials Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Department of Defense Living With Occupational Therapy and Community Reintegration of Persons with Brain Injury American Occupational Therapy Association Journal Articles Traumatic brain injury Start Here Traumatic Brain Injury National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Traumatic Brain Injury American Academy of Family Physicians Traumatic Brain Injury Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Traumatic Brain Injury Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Traumatic Brain Injury: Hope through Research National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Symptoms What Are Common Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) Symptoms? National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Latest News Study Suggests Brain Damage in 40 Percent of Ex-NFL Players HealthDay Fewer U.S. Kids Die from Abusive Head Trauma: CDC HealthDay Money, Language Barriers Can Affect Kids’ Brain Injury Care HealthDay Sleep Doesn’t Come Easy to Those with Brain Injuries HealthDay Playground-Related Brain Injuries on Rise in U.S. HealthDay
